Day 116


Ionization:  the formation of ions from solute molecules by the action of the solvent.

Hydronium ion:  the H3   O+   ion 

Strong electrolyte:  any substance that is present in dilute aqueous solution entirely as hydrated ions.

Weak electrolyte:  is a solute that yields a relatively low concentration of ions in aqueous solution.  

Section Review p.450  #1-3

1.  HCL is a strong electrolyte because it's 100% ionized in dilute aqueous solution.
     HF  is a weak electrolyte because when it dissolves in water it forms an acid (hydrofluoric acid)

2.  Polarity

3.  A proton is transferred directly from HCL to a water molecule, where it becomes covalently bonded to oxygen and has a + 1 charge.

p.457  # 10-15

10a)   Ionization:  the formation of ions from solute molecules by the action of the solvent.

b)  When an ionic coumpound dissolves, the ions that were already present and associated with each other in the crystal become 
      dissociated from each other.

11a)  Strong electrolyte:  any substance that is present in dilute aqueous solution entirely as hydrated ions.
         Weak electrolyte:  is a solute that yields a relatively low concentration of ions in aqueous solution. 

b)  Strong =  HCL, HBr, HI  Weak =  HF,  Acetic acid

12.  If the strength of the bonds within the solute molecule is less that the attractive forces of the water dipoles then the covalent bond 
breaks and the molecule is seperated into ions.  

13a)  It must have mobile charges
b)  Solute ion concentration.

14.  Strong and weak molecular electrolytes differ in the degree of ionization.  Concentrated and dilute solutions differ in the 
amount of solute dissolved in a given quantity of a solvent.  

15  ????